Grammar Patterns

The Open Window 作品中の完了形・仮定法の文を、種類別に分類して並べています。

• 完了形 過去完了

  had said

  Trigger: had + said

  “I know how it will be,” his sister had said when he was preparing to migrate to this rural retreat; “you will bury yourself down there and not speak to a living soul, and your nerves will be worse than ever from moping.

• 完了形 過去完了

  had had

  Trigger: had + had

  “Do you know many of the people round here?” asked the niece, when she judged that they had had sufficient silent communion.

• 完了形 過去完了

  had been

  Trigger: had + been

  It had been that dreadful wet summer, you know, and places that were safe in other years gave way suddenly without warning.

• 完了形 過去完了

  had seen

  Trigger: had + seen

  One would think he had seen a ghost.” “I expect it was the spaniel,” said the niece calmly; “he told me he had a horror of dogs.

• 完了形 現在完了

  has often told

  Trigger: has + told

  Poor dear aunt, she has often told me how they went out, her husband with his white waterproof coat over his arm, and Ronnie, her youngest brother, singing ‘Bertie, why do you bound?’ as he always did to tease her, because she said it got on her nerves.

• 完了形 現在完了

  has been

  Trigger: has + been

  “She has been very interesting,” said Framton.

• 完了形 現在完了進行形

  has been amusing

  Trigger: has + been + amusing

  “I hope Vera has been amusing you?” she said.

• 仮定法 as if 構文

  as if they were

  Trigger: as if/though + were

  “Just in time for tea, and don’t they look as if they were muddy up to the eyes!” Framton shivered slightly and turned towards the niece with a look intended to convey sympathetic comprehension.

• 仮定法 助動詞 + 完了形

  should have paid

  Trigger: should + have + paid

  It was certainly an unfortunate coincidence that he should have paid his visit on this tragic anniversary.