Grammar Patterns

The Masque of the Red Death 作品中の完了形・仮定法の文を、種類別に分類して並べています。

• 完了形 過去完了

  had long devastated

  Trigger: had + devastated

  The “Red Death” had long devastated the country.

• 完了形 過去完了

  had ever been

  Trigger: had + been

  No pestilence had ever been so fatal, or so hideous.

• 完了形 過去完了

  had provided

  Trigger: had + provided

  The prince had provided all the appliances of pleasure.

• 完了形 過去完了

  had fully ceased

  Trigger: had + ceased

  But when the echoes had fully ceased, a light laughter at once pervaded the assembly; the musicians looked at each other and smiled as if at their own nervousness and folly, and made whispering vows, each to the other, that the next chiming of the clock should produce in them no similar emotion; and then, after the lapse of sixty minutes (which embrace three thousand and six hundred seconds of the Time that flies), there came yet another chiming of the clock, and then were the same disconcert and tremulousness and meditation as before.

• 完了形 過去完了

  had directed

  Trigger: had + directed

  He had directed, in great part, the moveable embellishments of the seven chambers, upon occasion of this great fête; and it was his own guiding taste which had given character to the masqueraders.

• 完了形 過去完了

  had given

  Trigger: had + given

  He had directed, in great part, the moveable embellishments of the seven chambers, upon occasion of this great fête; and it was his own guiding taste which had given character to the masqueraders.

• 完了形 過去完了

  had found

  Trigger: had + found

  And thus, too, it happened, perhaps, that before the last echoes of the last chime had utterly sunk into silence, there were many individuals in the crowd who had found leisure to become aware of the presence of a masked figure which had arrested the attention of no single individual before.

• 完了形 過去完了

  had arrested

  Trigger: had + arrested

  And thus, too, it happened, perhaps, that before the last echoes of the last chime had utterly sunk into silence, there were many individuals in the crowd who had found leisure to become aware of the presence of a masked figure which had arrested the attention of no single individual before.

• 完了形 過去完了

  had gone

  Trigger: had + gone

  But the mummer had gone so far as to assume the type of the Red Death.

• 完了形 過去完了

  had become

  Trigger: had + become

  They rang throughout the seven rooms loudly and clearly—for the prince was a bold and robust man, and the music had become hushed at the waving of his hand.

• 完了形 過去完了

  had inspired

  Trigger: had + inspired

  But from a certain nameless awe with which the mad assumptions of the mummer had inspired the whole party, there were found none who put forth hand to seize him; so that, unimpeded, he passed within a yard of the prince’s person; and, while the vast assembly, as if with one impulse, shrank from the centres of the rooms to the walls, he made his way uninterruptedly, but with the same solemn and measured step which had distinguished him from the first, through the blue chamber to the purple—through the purple to the green—through the green to the orange—through this again to the white—and even thence to the violet, ere a decided movement had been made to arrest him.

• 完了形 過去完了

  had distinguished

  Trigger: had + distinguished

  But from a certain nameless awe with which the mad assumptions of the mummer had inspired the whole party, there were found none who put forth hand to seize him; so that, unimpeded, he passed within a yard of the prince’s person; and, while the vast assembly, as if with one impulse, shrank from the centres of the rooms to the walls, he made his way uninterruptedly, but with the same solemn and measured step which had distinguished him from the first, through the blue chamber to the purple—through the purple to the green—through the green to the orange—through this again to the white—and even thence to the violet, ere a decided movement had been made to arrest him.

• 完了形 過去完了

  had been

  Trigger: had + been

  But from a certain nameless awe with which the mad assumptions of the mummer had inspired the whole party, there were found none who put forth hand to seize him; so that, unimpeded, he passed within a yard of the prince’s person; and, while the vast assembly, as if with one impulse, shrank from the centres of the rooms to the walls, he made his way uninterruptedly, but with the same solemn and measured step which had distinguished him from the first, through the blue chamber to the purple—through the purple to the green—through the green to the orange—through this again to the white—and even thence to the violet, ere a decided movement had been made to arrest him.

• 完了形 過去完了

  had seized

  Trigger: had + seized

  It was then, however, that the Prince Prospero, maddening with rage and the shame of his own momentary cowardice, rushed hurriedly through the six chambers, while none followed him on account of a deadly terror that had seized upon all.

• 完了形 過去完了

  had approached

  Trigger: had + approached

  He bore aloft a drawn dagger, and had approached, in rapid impetuosity, to within three or four feet of the retreating figure, when the latter, having attained the extremity of the velvet apartment, turned suddenly and confronted his pursuer.

• 完了形 過去完了

  had come

  Trigger: had + come

  He had come like a thief in the night.

• 完了形 完了分詞

  having entered

  Trigger: having + entered

  The courtiers, having entered, brought furnaces and massy hammers and welded the bolts.

• 完了形 完了分詞

  having spread

  Trigger: having + spread

  And the rumor of this new presence having spread itself whisperingly around, there arose at length from the whole company a buzz, or murmur, expressive of disapprobation and surprise—then, finally, of terror, of horror, and of disgust.

• 完了形 完了分詞

  having attained

  Trigger: having + attained

  He bore aloft a drawn dagger, and had approached, in rapid impetuosity, to within three or four feet of the retreating figure, when the latter, having attained the extremity of the velvet apartment, turned suddenly and confronted his pursuer.

• 完了形 現在完了

  has been

  Trigger: has + been

  There were much glare and glitter and piquancy and phantasm—much of what has been since seen in “Hernani.” There were arabesque figures with unsuited limbs and appointments.

• 完了形 現在完了

  have endured

  Trigger: have + endured

  But the echoes of the chime die away—they have endured but an instant—and a light, half-subdued laughter floats after them as they depart.

• 完了形 現在完了

  have told

  Trigger: have + told

  And then the music ceased, as I have told; and the evolutions of the waltzers were quieted; and there was an uneasy cessation of all things as before.

• 完了形 現在完了

  have painted

  Trigger: have + painted

  In an assembly of phantasms such as I have painted, it may well be supposed that no ordinary appearance could have excited such sensation.

• 仮定法 as if 構文

  as if more fully to sustain

  Trigger: as if/though + to-inf (sustain)

  When the eyes of Prince Prospero fell upon this spectral image (which with a slow and solemn movement, as if more fully to sustain its role, stalked to and fro among the waltzers) he was seen to be convulsed, in the first moment with a strong shudder either of terror or distaste; but, in the next, his brow reddened with rage.

• 仮定法 助動詞 + 完了形

  might have been

  Trigger: might + have + been

  Here the case was very different; as might have been expected from the duke’s love of the bizarre.

• 仮定法 助動詞 + 完了形

  would have thought

  Trigger: would + have + thought

  There are some who would have thought him mad.

• 仮定法 助動詞 + 完了形

  might have excited

  Trigger: might + have + excited

  There was much of the beautiful, much of the wanton, much of the bizarre, something of the terrible, and not a little of that which might have excited disgust.

• 仮定法 助動詞 + 完了形

  could have excited

  Trigger: could + have + excited

  In an assembly of phantasms such as I have painted, it may well be supposed that no ordinary appearance could have excited such sensation.

• 仮定法 助動詞 + 完了形

  must have had

  Trigger: must + have + had

  The mask which concealed the visage was made so nearly to resemble the countenance of a stiffened corpse that the closest scrutiny must have had difficulty in detecting the cheat.

• 仮定法 助動詞 + 完了形

  might have been

  Trigger: might + have + been

  And yet all this might have been endured, if not approved, by the mad revellers around.