The Frog-Prince — Idioms & Expressions

慣用句

after a time

字義: ある時間の後に

意味: しばらくして

After a time she threw it up so high that she missed catching it as it fell; and the ball bounded away, and rolled along upon the ground, till at last it fell down into the spring.

after some time と同義の古風な表現

慣用句

at last

字義: 最後に

意味: ついに、とうとう

After a time she threw it up so high that she missed catching it as it fell; and the ball bounded away, and rolled along upon the ground, till at last it fell down into the spring.

finally の意味だが、学習者は「最後の時点で」と誤解しやすい

慣用句

What nonsense

字義: 何というナンセンス

意味: 馬鹿げたことを（感嘆表現）

'What nonsense,' thought the princess, 'this silly frog is talking!

感嘆文としての慣用表現

慣用句

after a little while

字義: 少しの間の後

意味: しばらくして、少し経ってから

Then the frog put his head down, and dived deep under the water; and after a little while he came up again, with the ball in his mouth, and threw it on the edge of the spring.

時間経過を表す慣用句

慣用句

as fast as she could

字義: 彼女ができる限り速く

意味: 全速力で、できる限り速く

As soon as the young princess saw her ball, she ran to pick it up; and she was so overjoyed to have it in her hand again, that she never thought of the frog, but ran home with it as fast as she could.

最大限の速さを表す慣用表現

慣用句

what was the matter

字義: 何が問題（物質）だったか

意味: 何が起きたのか、どうしたのか

The king, her father, seeing that something had frightened her, asked her what was the matter.

「What's the matter?」は現代でも使われる慣用表現

慣用句

given your word

字義: 言葉を与えた

意味: 約束をした

As you have given your word you must keep it

「give one's word」= make a promise

慣用句

keep it

字義: それを保つ

意味: 約束を守る

As you have given your word you must keep it

「keep one's word/promise」の慣用表現

慣用句

it was light

字義: それは軽かった

意味: 夜が明けた、明るくなった

As soon as it was light he jumped up, hopped downstairs, and went out of the house.

「it is light」= dawn has broken, it is daylight

慣用句

mind the words

字義: 言葉に心を向ける

意味: 言葉を忘れないで、約束を思い出して

And mind the words that thou and I said

'mind' は「注意する、気をつける」の意味で使われているイディオム的用法

慣用句

have nothing to wish for but that

字義: それ以外に望むものが何もない

意味: ただ～だけを望む、～以外に何も望まない

'You,' said the prince, 'have broken his cruel charm, and now I have nothing to wish for but that you should go with me into my father's kingdom, where I will marry you, and love you as long as you live.'

二重否定的な構造で学習者には理解しにくい慣用表現

慣用句

was not long in saying

字義: 言うのに長くなかった

意味: すぐに言った、ためらわずに答えた

The young princess, you may be sure, was not long in saying 'Yes' to all this; and as they spoke a gay coach drove up, with eight beautiful horses, decked with plumes of feathers and a golden harness; and behind the coach rode the prince's servant, faithful Heinrich, who had bewailed the misfortunes of his dear master during his enchantment so long and so bitterly, that his heart had well-nigh burst.

'be not long in doing' は「すぐに～する」という慣用表現

慣用句

took leave of

字義: 休暇を取った

意味: 別れを告げた、暇乞いをした

They then took leave of the king, and got into the coach with eight horses, and all set out, full of joy and merriment, for the prince's kingdom, which they reached safely; and there they lived happily a great many years.

'take leave of someone' は「～に別れを告げる」という慣用表現

慣用句

set out

字義: 外に設置した

意味: 出発した、旅立った

They then took leave of the king, and got into the coach with eight horses, and all set out, full of joy and merriment, for the prince's kingdom, which they reached safely; and there they lived happily a great many years.

'set out' は「旅に出る、出発する」という句動詞

慣用句

at last

意味: finally

After a time she threw it up so high that she missed catching it as it fell; and the ball bounded away, and rolled along upon the ground, till at last it fell down into the spring.

慣用句

at last

意味: finally

’Now, then,’ thought the princess, ’at last he is gone, and I shall be troubled with him no more.’ III.

比喩

till the morning broke

字義: 朝が壊れるまで

意味: 夜明けまで、朝になるまで

And when the princess opened the door the frog came in, and slept upon her pillow as before, till the morning broke.

'day breaks' / 'morning breaks' は「夜明けが来る」を意味する慣用的比喩表現

比喩

his heart had well-nigh burst

字義: 彼の心臓がほとんど破裂した

意味: 悲しみで胸が張り裂けそうだった（実際には破裂していない）

The young princess, you may be sure, was not long in saying 'Yes' to all this; and as they spoke a gay coach drove up, with eight beautiful horses, decked with plumes of feathers and a golden harness; and behind the coach rode the prince's servant, faithful Heinrich, who had bewailed the misfortunes of his dear master during his enchantment so long and so bitterly, that his heart had well-nigh burst.

極度の悲しみを表す比喩的表現。'well-nigh' は古風な語で 'almost' の意味

古風な表現

bewail her loss

字義: 彼女の損失を嘆く

意味: 失ったものを嘆き悲しむ

Then she began to bewail her loss, and said, 'Alas! if I could only get my ball again, I would give all my fine clothes and jewels, and everything that I have in the world.'

bewail は古風な動詞で、現代では lament や mourn を使うことが多い

古風な表現

I want not

字義: 私は欲しくない

意味: 私は～を望まない（I do not want の古い形）

The frog said, 'I want not your pearls, and jewels, and fine clothes; but if you will love me, and let me live with you and eat from off your golden plate, and sleep upon your bed, I will bring you your ball again.'

否定文で助動詞を使わない古英語の語順

古風な表現

eat from off your golden plate

字義: あなたの金の皿から離れて食べる

意味: あなたの金の皿から（一緒に）食事をする

The frog said, 'I want not your pearls, and jewels, and fine clothes; but if you will love me, and let me live with you and eat from off your golden plate, and sleep upon your bed, I will bring you your ball again.'

from off は古風な表現で、現代では eat from your plate と言う

古風な表現

mind the words

字義: 頭の中で言葉を考える

意味: 言葉を思い出す、約束を守る

And mind the words that thou and I said

「mind」は古語で「remember/heed」の意味。現代では「mind your manners」などの形で残存

古風な表現

thou and I

字義: あなたと私

意味: you and I（古英語の二人称単数）

And mind the words that thou and I said

「thou」は古英語の二人称単数主格。動詞も古形「said」ではなく本来「saidst」となるべきだが、ここでは簡略化されている

古風な表現

sadly frightened

字義: 悲しく怯えた

意味: 非常に怯えた（sadlyは「very/greatly」の意味）

At this sight she was sadly frightened

19世紀の用法で「sadly」は強意語として使われた。現代の「sadly = 悲しいことに」とは異なる

古風な表現

that I may

字義: 私ができるように

意味: so that I can（目的を表す古風な構文）

As soon as she had done this, the frog said, 'Put your plate nearer to me, that I may eat out of it.'

「that + may」は目的を表す古い構文。現代では「so that + can」を使う

古風な表現

no more

字義: これ以上ない

意味: もう二度と〜ない（no longer/never again）

'Now, then,' thought the princess, 'at last he is gone, and I shall be troubled with him no more.'

文末の「no more」は古風な用法。現代では「not...anymore」「no longer」を使う

古風な表現

came once more

字義: 一度だけ来た

意味: 再び来た、もう一度来た

But she was mistaken; for when night came again she heard the same tapping at the door; and the frog came once more, and said:

'once more' は現代でも使われるが、この文脈での 'came once more' は19世紀的な語順・表現

古風な表現

thy true love

字義: あなたの真実の愛

意味: あなたの恋人、愛する人

Open the door to thy true love here!

'thy' は古語の二人称所有格（your）。'true love' は「真の恋人」を意味する慣用表現

古風な表現

thou and I

字義: あなたと私

意味: あなたと私

And mind the words that thou and I said

'thou' は古語の二人称主格（you）

古風な表現

so to abide

字義: そのように従う、そのように留まる

意味: そのような状態（カエルの姿）のままでいる

He told her that he had been enchanted by a spiteful fairy, who had changed him into a frog; and that he had been fated so to abide till some princess should take him out of the spring, and let him eat from her plate, and sleep upon her bed for three nights.

古風な用法。現代英語では 'remain that way' や 'stay like that' を使う

連語

tossing it up

字義: 投げて上げる（物理的動作のみ）

意味: （遊びとして）空中に投げ上げる

Now she had a golden ball in her hand, which was her favourite plaything; and she was always tossing it up into the air, and catching it again as it fell.

toss up は慣用的な組み合わせで、軽く投げ上げる動作を表す

連語

bounded away

字義: 境界を持って離れた

意味: 跳ねて転がっていった

After a time she threw it up so high that she missed catching it as it fell; and the ball bounded away, and rolled along upon the ground, till at last it fell down into the spring.

bound は「跳ねる」の意味で、away と組み合わさり「跳ねながら離れていく」

連語

put its head out

字義: 頭を外に置いた

意味: 頭を（水面から）出した

Whilst she was speaking, a frog put its head out of the water, and said, 'Princess, why do you weep so bitterly?'

put out は「外に出す」の慣用的表現

連語

weep so bitterly

字義: 苦く泣く

意味: 激しく泣く、悲痛に泣く

Whilst she was speaking, a frog put its head out of the water, and said, 'Princess, why do you weep so bitterly?'

bitterly は感情の強さを表す副詞として weep と慣用的に組み合わさる

連語

get out of

字義: ～から外に得る

意味: ～から出る、脱出する

He can never even get out of the spring to visit me, though he may be able to get my ball for me, and therefore I will tell him he shall have what he asks.

get out of は「～から出る」の慣用表現

連語

put his head down

字義: 頭を下に置いた

意味: 頭を下げた、潜る準備をした

Then the frog put his head down, and dived deep under the water; and after a little while he came up again, with the ball in his mouth, and threw it on the edge of the spring.

動作を表す慣用的コロケーション

連語

came up

字義: 上に来た

意味: （水面に）浮上した

Then the frog put his head down, and dived deep under the water; and after a little while he came up again, with the ball in his mouth, and threw it on the edge of the spring.

come up は水中から浮上する動作の慣用表現

連語

pick it up

字義: それを選んで上げる

意味: それを拾い上げる

As soon as the young princess saw her ball, she ran to pick it up; and she was so overjoyed to have it in her hand again, that she never thought of the frog, but ran home with it as fast as she could.

pick up は「拾う」の基本的な句動詞だが、字義通りには予測しにくい

連語

called after her

字義: 彼女の後を呼んだ

意味: 立ち去る彼女に向かって呼びかけた

The frog called after her, 'Stay, princess, and take me with you as you said,' But she did not stop to hear a word.

call after は「去っていく人に呼びかける」の慣用表現

連語

get out of

字義: 外へ出る

意味: 〜から脱出する、抜け出す

I told him that he should live with me here, thinking that he could never get out of the spring

基本的な句動詞だが、「spring（泉）」との組み合わせで物理的脱出の意味

連語

straight on

字義: まっすぐに上へ

意味: そのまま続けて、まっすぐ進んで

She did so, and the frog hopped into the room, and then straight on--tap, tap--plash, plash--from the bottom of the room to the top

「straight on」は「continue directly」の意味

連語

eat out of it

字義: それから外へ食べる

意味: それ（皿）から食べる

As soon as she had done this, the frog said, 'Put your plate nearer to me, that I may eat out of it.'

「eat out of」= eat from（容器から食べる）

連語

took him up

字義: 彼を上へ取った

意味: 彼を（手で）持ち上げた、拾い上げた

And the princess, though very unwilling, took him up in her hand

「take up」= lift, pick up

連語

be troubled with

字義: 〜と一緒に困らせられる

意味: 〜に悩まされる、煩わされる

'Now, then,' thought the princess, 'at last he is gone, and I shall be troubled with him no more.'

「be troubled with」= be bothered/annoyed by

連語

as before

字義: 前のように

意味: 以前と同じように、前と同様に

And when the princess opened the door the frog came in, and slept upon her pillow as before, till the morning broke.

非常に一般的だが、学習者にとっては 'before' が副詞的に使われていることが非自明な場合がある

連語

broken his cruel charm

字義: 彼の残酷な魅力を壊した

意味: 魔法・呪いを解いた

'You,' said the prince, 'have broken his cruel charm, and now I have nothing to wish for but that you should go with me into my father's kingdom, where I will marry you, and love you as long as you live.'

'break a spell/charm' は「魔法を解く」という意味の慣用表現