Commentary 2
Five treasures, a sooty bowl, and a fake branch
第二話は、その宝物をめぐる顛末である。仏の御石の鉢。海の彼方の蓬莱山に生えるという、玉の枝。火鼠の皮衣、すなわち火にくべても燃えぬ衣。竜の首に輝く五色の玉。燕が持つという子安貝。いずれも、実在するかどうかさえ定かでない品ばかりであった。
The second part is the tale of what became of those treasures. The Buddha's stone begging bowl. A branch of jewels said to grow on Mount Hōrai, beyond the sea. The fire-rat's fur robe, in other words a robe that will not burn even when thrown into the fire. The five-colored jewel that shines on a dragon's neck. The cowrie shell that swallows are said to have. Every one of them was a thing whose very existence was uncertain.
一人目は、そもそも天竺へ赴く気などなかった。旅立ったふりをして三年をやり過ごし、山寺にあった、煤で真っ黒な古い鉢を携えてきた。本物ならば光を放っているはずである。かぐや姫は、即座に鉢を突き返した。
The first man never had any intention of going to India in the first place. He pretended to set out, let three years slip by, and brought back an old bowl, black with soot, that had been in a mountain temple. If it were the real one, it should give off light. Kaguya-hime promptly handed the bowl back.
二人目は船出を装い、三日後にひそかに舞い戻る。そして腕利きの職人を集め、千日を費やして偽の枝を作らせた。仕上がった枝は、本物と見紛うばかりの出来栄えである。男は、苦難に満ちた航海の話まで用意していた。翁はすっかり真に受けて婚礼の支度に取り掛かり、かぐや姫は黙して思い悩む。
The second man made a show of setting sail, and three days later he secretly slipped back. Then he gathered skilled craftsmen and had them spend a thousand days making a fake branch. The finished branch was so well made that it could be mistaken for the real thing. The man had even prepared a tale of a voyage full of hardship. The old man took it all at face value and set about preparing for the wedding, while Kaguya-hime brooded in silence.
そこへ現れたのが、くだんの職人たちであった。かくして嘘は露見し、かぐや姫は大いに喜んで枝を返した。男は恥辱に耐えかね、山奥へ姿を消したまま、二度と戻らなかった。
The ones who appeared just then were those very craftsmen. Thus the lie was exposed, and Kaguya-hime, greatly pleased, returned the branch. Unable to bear the disgrace, the man vanished into the depths of the mountains and never came back.
Commentary 3
The robe, the dragon, and the swallow's nest
三人目は、財力に物を言わせた。唐土の商人に莫大な金を送り、ようやく火鼠の皮衣を手に入れたのである。色は深い紺青、毛の先は金色に輝いている。ところが火にくべてみると、皮衣はめらめらと燃え上がってしまった。
The third man let his wealth do the talking. He sent an enormous sum to a merchant in China and at last obtained the fire-rat's fur robe. Its color is a deep ultramarine, and the tips of its fur glitter gold. But when it was put into the fire, the robe went up in roaring flames.
四人目は、家来たちに厳命した。竜の玉を手にするまで、帰ってくることは罷りならぬ。だが家来たちは竜を恐れ、四散してしまう。やむなく自ら海へ乗り出すと、猛烈な嵐に遭った。ほうほうの体で帰還したとき、男は病に冒され、両目は李を二つ付けたかのように腫れ上がっていた。
The fourth man gave his retainers a strict order: on no account were they to come back until they had the dragon's jewel. But the retainers, fearing the dragon, scattered in all directions. Left with no choice, he set out to sea himself and met a ferocious storm. When he made it home in a sorry state, the man was stricken with illness, and both his eyes were swollen as if two plums had been stuck on them.
五人目は籠に乗り、燕の巣の高さまで吊り上げさせた。巣に手を差し入れると、何やら固いものが指先に触れる。快哉を叫んだ刹那、綱が切れ、男は真っ逆さまに転落した。握りしめていたのは、燕の古い糞であった。この男は重い病に臥し、やがて世を去った。
The fifth man got into a basket and had himself hoisted up to the height of the swallows' nest. When he slipped his hand into the nest, something hard touched his fingertips. The instant he cried out in triumph, the rope broke, and the man fell headlong. What he was clutching was old swallow droppings. This man took to his bed with a grave illness and before long departed this world.
かくして、五人のうち誰ひとりとして、宝物を持ち帰ることは叶わなかった。そしてついに、かぐや姫の噂は帝の耳にも達する。第二話は、ここで幕を閉じる。
Thus not one of the five was able to bring back a treasure. And at last, word of Kaguya-hime reaches even the ears of the Emperor. Here the curtain falls on the second part.
Commentary 4
Three things to notice
本作の読みどころを、三点挙げたい。
I would like to point out three highlights of this work.
第一に、失敗の帰結である。嘘で欺こうとした二人は、恥をかくだけで済んだ。金に頼った者は、金を失う。ところが、自ら海へ出た者は病に倒れ、自らの手を巣に差し入れた者は命を落とした。本気であった者ほど、過酷な報いを受けているのである。
First, how the failures turn out. The two who tried to deceive with lies got off with nothing worse than disgrace. The one who relied on money loses his money. But the one who went to sea himself fell ill, and the one who thrust his own hand into the nest lost his life. The more earnest a man was, the harsher the consequences he suffered.
第二に、言葉遊びである。一人目は、鉢を捨ててなお諦めなかった。ここから「はちを捨てる」が「恥を捨てる」になったという。五人目は貝が取れなかったので「かいがない」。物語は、今も用いられる言葉の起源を、こうして説いてみせる。真偽のほどは、定かでない。
Second, the wordplay. The first man did not give up even after throwing away the bowl. From this, it is said, "hachi o suteru," to throw away a bowl, became "haji o suteru," to throw away one's shame. The fifth man could not get the shell, so "kai ga nai": "there is no shell," and also "it was no use." In this way, the story makes a show of explaining the origins of words still used today. Whether this is true is uncertain.
第三に、かぐや姫の心情である。第二話において、それが描かれるのは、わずか三度にすぎない。偽の枝を前に、黙して思い悩む。嘘が露見して、大いに喜ぶ。そして五人目の死を聞き、少し哀れに思う。この「少し」を、心に留めておいていただきたい。
Third, Kaguya-hime's feelings. In the second part, they are depicted a mere three times. Faced with the fake branch, she broods in silence. When the lie is exposed, she is greatly pleased. And on hearing of the fifth man's death, she feels a little pity. I would ask you to keep this "a little" in mind.
五人の失敗は、彼ら自身の責めに帰すべきものか。それとも、かぐや姫の求めがあまりに過酷だったのか。その答えは、読者に委ねられている。
Should the five men's failures be laid at their own door? Or were Kaguya-hime's demands too harsh? The answer is left to the reader.
Commentary 1
About The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter, Part 2
根は銀、茎は金、実は白玉から成る一枝がある。ひとりの男が、これを遥か海の彼方の山から持ち帰ったと、滔々と語っている。嵐に見舞われ、糧食も尽きた、と。そこへ職人たちが現れ、こう訴えた。千日も働いたというのに、いまだ報酬を頂戴しておりません。
There is a single branch whose roots are silver, whose stem is gold, and whose fruit is made of white jewels. A man is holding forth about how he brought it back from a mountain far across the sea. How he was struck by storms, how his provisions ran out. Just then some craftsmen appeared and made this complaint: we worked for a full thousand days, and still we have not received our pay.
今回は「竹取物語」の第二話である。千年以上前に成立した日本最古の物語を、平易な現代語に改め、三回に分けてお届けしている。
This time is the second part of "The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter." We are bringing you Japan's oldest tale, written more than a thousand years ago, put into plain modern Japanese and divided into three parts.
第一話で竹の中から見出されたかぐや姫は、類まれな美女へと成長した。五人の求婚者が日参するなか、かぐや姫は、自らが見たいと望む品を持参した者に嫁ぐと答えたのであった。
Kaguya-hime, discovered inside a bamboo in the first part, grew into a woman of rare beauty. As five suitors called on her daily, Kaguya-hime answered that she would marry the one who brought the thing she wished to see.