Commentary 2
A trick, an eel, and a funeral
狐の名はごん。森の中に穴を掘って棲み、昼夜を問わず村へ出ては悪戯を繰り返していた。畑の芋を掘り散らし、家の裏手に吊るされた唐辛子をむしり取る、といった具合である。
The fox's name is Gon. He lived in a hole he had dug in the forest, and day and night alike he would come out to the village and play tricks again and again. He would dig up the potatoes in the fields and scatter them, or tear off the red peppers hung behind the houses, and so on.
川の男は兵十という。兵十がその場を離れた隙に、ごんはふと悪戯心を起こす。籠の魚を次々と川へ放り込み、仕上げに太い鰻の頭を咥えたところ、鰻はごんの首に絡みついた。そこへ兵十が戻り、怒声を浴びせる。ごんは鰻を首に巻きつけたまま、一目散に逃げ去った。
The man in the river is called Hyōjū. While Hyōjū is away from the spot, Gon is suddenly seized by the urge to make mischief. He tosses the fish in the basket into the river one after another, and when, to finish, he takes the head of a fat eel in his mouth, the eel coils around Gon's neck. Just then Hyōjū returns and hurls an angry shout at him. Gon flees headlong, with the eel still wrapped around his neck.
十日ほど経ったある日、ごんは村で葬列を目にする。亡くなったのは兵十の母であった。その夜、ごんは穴の中で思いを巡らせる。床に臥せっていた母は、鰻が食べたいと言ったに違いない。それを、自分が奪ってしまったのだ。「あんな悪戯をしなけりゃよかった。」
One day about ten days later, Gon sees a funeral procession in the village. The one who has died is Hyōjū's mother. That night, in his hole, Gon turns the matter over in his mind. The mother, lying ill in bed, must have said she wanted to eat eel. And he himself had taken it away. "I wish I hadn't played a trick like that."
Commentary 3
Sardines, chestnuts, and the last day
母と二人きりで暮らしてきた兵十は、今や天涯孤独の身である。「おれと同じ、ひとりぼっちの兵十か。」こうしてごんの償いが始まる。手始めに、いわし売りの籠からいわしを掴み出し、兵十の家へ投げ込んだ。ところが兵十は盗人の濡れ衣を着せられ、いわし屋に殴られる羽目になる。
Hyōjū, who had lived alone with his mother, is now utterly alone in the world. "So Hyōjū is all alone, the same as me." Thus begins Gon's atonement. To start, he grabbed sardines out of a sardine seller's basket and threw them into Hyōjū's house. But Hyōjū was falsely accused of being a thief and ended up being beaten by the sardine seller.
以来、ごんは山で栗を拾っては兵十の家へ運ぶようになった。松茸を添える日もあった。決して姿は現さず、物置の入口にそっと置いて立ち去る。贈り主が誰なのか、兵十には知る由もない。
From then on, Gon took to gathering chestnuts in the hills and carrying them to Hyōjū's house. Some days he added matsutake mushrooms. He never showed himself; he quietly set them at the entrance of the shed and slipped away. Hyōjū had no way of knowing who the giver was.
ある月の冴えた晩、ごんは、兵十が村の加助に打ち明ける話を耳にする。何者かが毎日、栗や松茸を置いていくのだという。加助の見立てはこうだった。それは神様の仕業に違いない、毎日神様に礼を言うがいい。二人の後をつけていたごんは、思わずこぼす。「おれは、引き合わないなあ。」
One night when the moon shone clear, Gon overhears Hyōjū confiding in Kasuke, a man from the village. Someone, he says, leaves chestnuts and matsutake every day. Kasuke's view was this: it must be the work of a god, and he should thank the god every day. Gon, who had been following the two, lets slip in spite of himself: "I get nothing for my trouble."
翌日も、ごんは栗を携えて出かけた。物置で仕事をしていた兵十は、家の中へ入っていく狐に気づく。鰻を盗んだあの狐が、また悪さをしに来たのだ。兵十は火縄銃を手に取り、戸口を出ようとするごんを撃った。
The next day as well, Gon set out carrying chestnuts. Hyōjū, who was working in the shed, notices a fox going into the house. That fox that stole the eel has come to make mischief again. Hyōjū takes up his matchlock gun and shoots Gon as he is about to go out the door.
駆け寄った兵十の目に、土間に置かれた栗が飛び込んでくる。「ごん、お前だったのか。いつも栗をくれたのは。」ごんはぐったりと目を閉じたまま、頷いた。兵十の手から、火縄銃がばたりと落ちる。筒口からは、青い煙がまだ細く立ち上っていた。
As Hyōjū runs up, the chestnuts placed on the earthen floor catch his eye. "Gon, was it you? The one who always gave me chestnuts." Gon, limp, his eyes still closed, nodded. The matchlock falls with a thud from Hyōjū's hand. From its muzzle, thin blue smoke was still rising.
Commentary 4
Three things to notice
本作の読みどころを、三点挙げたい。
I would like to point out three highlights of this work.
第一に、ごんの「に違いない」である。母親が鰻を欲していたというのは、あくまでごんが穴の中で思い描いた推測に過ぎない。それが事実であったか否かは、作中のどこにも記されていない。ごんの償いは、己の想像を出発点としているのである。
First, Gon's "must have." That the mother longed for eel is, after all, nothing more than a guess Gon pictured in his hole. Whether it was fact or not is recorded nowhere in the story. Gon's atonement takes his own imagination as its starting point.
第二に、両者のすれ違いである。ごんは常に兵十を見つめている。川辺で、墓地で、井戸端で、夜道で。にもかかわらず、二人が言葉を交わすことは一度としてない。兵十がごんの名を呼び、語りかけるのは、銃で撃った後の、ただ一度きりなのだ。
Second, the way the two keep missing each other. Gon is always watching Hyōjū. At the riverside, at the graveyard, by the well, on the road at night. And yet not once do the two exchange words. The only time Hyōjū calls Gon by name and speaks to him is the single time after he has shot him.
第三に、結末の描写である。物語は、ごんの心情も兵十の心情も一切語ることなく、銃口から立ち上る青い煙で幕を閉じる。作者の初稿では、ごんは「うれしくなりました」と書かれていた。それが雑誌掲載に際して、「うなずきました」へと改められたのである。
Third, the depiction of the ending. Without saying a word about either Gon's feelings or Hyōjū's, the story closes with the blue smoke rising from the muzzle. In the author's first draft, it was written that Gon "became happy." That was revised to "nodded" when the story was published in the magazine.
最期に頷いたとき、ごんは果たしてうれしかったのか。その答えは、読者一人ひとりに委ねられている。
When he nodded at the very end, was Gon really happy? The answer is left to each reader.
Commentary 1
About Gon, the Little Fox
秋、雨上がりの川。一人の男が腰まで水に浸かり、黙々と魚を獲っている。その姿を、生い茂る草の奥から、息を潜めて見つめる者がいた。身寄りのない、一匹の小狐である。
Autumn, a river just after the rain. A man stands in water up to his waist, silently catching fish. From deep in the thick grass, someone was watching him, holding its breath. It was a little fox, alone, with no one to call its own.
本作は、新美南吉の「ごん狐」である。1932年、児童雑誌「赤い鳥」に掲載された。掲載当時、作者は弱冠十八歳。愛知県に生まれ、二十九歳という若さでこの世を去った。長らく小学四年生の国語教科書に採録されてきたため、日本人の大半が幼少期に一度は触れている作品である。
This work is Nankichi Niimi's "Gon, the Little Fox." In 1932 it was published in the children's magazine Akai Tori. At the time of publication, the author was a mere eighteen. Born in Aichi Prefecture, he departed this world at the young age of twenty-nine. Because it has long been included in fourth-grade Japanese textbooks, it is a work that most Japanese people have encountered at least once in childhood.